Mineral Specimens - page 5
Portugal - Panasqueira

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Carles Curto Text: Carles Curto (formerly curator of the Geology Museum, Barcelona) & Jordi Fabre
Alfredo Petrov Translation: Alfredo Petrov
Assistance from John S. White (former Smithsonian curator) John S. White


Minas da Panasqueira

 

 

 

There is a great mine that is still active within the Iberian peninsular: the mine of Panasqueira in Portugal. The current low price of Wolfram and the competition from other sources means that commercial operation is tough. But for all this, this classic locality has for over 100 years produced, and keeps on producing, fine specimens. These include exceptional specimens of Apatite-(CaF), Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Siderite, Quartz and numerous other species such as: Chalcopyrite, Sphalerite, Dolomite, Calcite, Mica, Tourmaline, Fluorite, Topaz and Triplite. It has also produced some very rare minerals including Panasqueiraite and Thadeuite. The great feature of these specimens, apart from their quality, is the fact that they almost always combine quite a few mineral species, so the paragenesis has made this mine famous throughout the world.

I started to visit this locality when I was 14 years old, and I have never stopped visiting it since. So I must have been to visit it well over a 100 times. For many years the sale of mineral specimens from the mine was forbidden, as Wolfram was a strategic mineral. So the moments I passed there acquiring specimens could form the basis of quite an exciting book! Over the years I got to know miners, shift managers, administration staff, engineers and geologists. Some were friendly while others were not, but they were all interested in not only the money they could obtain from 'as pedras' ('the rocks' in Portuguese) but also the beauty of the specimens.

Quite a few years ago, and at the same time as Portugal began to change after its entry into the European Union, things began to become easier. However, unfortunately, obtaining good specimens has one again got more difficult, but this time due to the way the mine is worked and the lower grade seams. All that said, I'm still 'trapped' by the beauty of the minerals and the large number of friends I have developed over all those years.

If you want more general and scientific information on this great mine you can get it by following this link. It leads you to a page where we have reproduced text and photos from one of the few publications produced by the mine itself.

 

 

 

Fluorite

Fluorite with Siderite and Quartz
Fluorite with Siderite and Quartz.
Fluorite with Siderite and Quartz  

SM80NEH: Cubic crystals of Fluorite beveled by the rhombohedron, with rough faces due to polycrystalline growths and with purple phantoms. Transparent, blue with violet tones, on matrix with Quartz crystals and small tabular Siderite crystals with geometric color zoning.
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (08/2015)

Specimen size: 4.6 × 3.5 × 2.1 cm = 1.81” × 1.38” × 0.83”

Main crystal size: 1.3 × 1.3 cm = 0.51” × 0.51”




Fluorite with Fluorapatite, Arsenopyrite and Muscovite

Fluorescent light (daylight)
Fluorite with Fluorapatite, Arsenopyrite and Muscovite
 

TC2170NKL: Group of translucent, lustrous green Fluorapatite crystals, with small Arsenopyrite crystals, lamellar Muscovite crystals and partially covered by spheroidal aggregates of Fluorite with a color between blue and lilac.
Minas da Panasqueira, level 0, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (11/2014)

Specimen size: 5 × 4 × 2.8 cm = 1.97” × 1.57” × 1.10”

Main crystal size: 2.9 × 1.6 cm = 1.14” × 0.63”




Fluorite with Fluorapatite, Arsenopyrite and Muscovite.
Fluorite on Topaz with Quartz and Arsenopyrite
Fluorite on Topaz with Quartz and Arsenopyrite. Front
Front
Fluorite on Topaz with Quartz and Arsenopyrite. Rear
Rear
 

NE48AF3: Group of very flattened Fluorite crystals with the very well defined forms of the cube and dodecahedron. The Fluorite, with a lilac-blue color, has grown partially following the forms of the Quartz, Topaz and Arsenopyrite crystals where it is covering them. The upper levels of Panasqueira are currently offering surprising and pleasant novelties, with samples that are very different from what has been known from this mine.
The Fluorite and the Topaz have been analyzed and we’ll send a copy of both analysis to the buyer.
Minas da Panasqueira, levels 0-1, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (04/2017)

Specimen size: 5 × 5 × 2.6 cm = 1.97” × 1.97” × 1.02”




Fluorite with Quartz, Chlorite and Muscovite
 

MT26AB1: Aggregate of cubic Fluorite crystals beveled by the dodecahedron. They are colorless, with rough faces due to micro-crystalline growths, and have violet phantoms. They are on matrix, with Quartz crystals, Chlorite coatings and small Muscovite aggregates. The upper levels of Panasqueira are currently offering surprising and pleasant novelties, with samples that are very different from what has been known from this mine.
Minas da Panasqueira, level 0, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (06/2014)

Specimen size: 3.8 × 3 × 2.6 cm = 1.50” × 1.18” × 1.02”

Main crystal size: 1.3 × 1.3 cm = 0.51” × 0.51”




Fluorite with Quartz, Chlorite and Muscovite. Fluorite with Quartz, Chlorite and Muscovite.
Fluorite with Quartz and Siderite
Fluorite with Quartz and Siderite. Front
Front
Fluorite with Quartz and Siderite. Side
Side
 

NT37AB8: Fluorite crystal formed by the well balanced cube and dodecahedron faces. Its exterior is pale blue and it has a deep violet octahedral center and white inclusions. The crystal is implanted on a Quartz crystal with laminar Siderite and small Muscovite crystals. The upper levels of Panasqueira are currently offering surprising and pleasant novelties, with samples that are very different from what has been known from this mine.
Minas da Panasqueira, level 0, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (01/2015)

Specimen size: 6.4 × 2.5 × 3.5 cm = 2.52” × 0.98” × 1.38”

Main crystal size: 2.3 × 2 cm = 0.91” × 0.79”

Minor fluorescence short UV



Fluorite with Quartz, Siderite and Chlorite
 

NC56AD6: Translucent and colorless dodecahedral Fluorite crystals formed by growths of multiple small Fluorite crystals, with very well defined faces and edges. These unusual crystals have grown on a Quartz crystal partially coated by Chlorite and white Siderite crystals and Pyrite microcrystals. We’ll send a copy of the analysis to the buyer of this sample.
Minas da Panasqueira, level 0, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (07/2014)

Specimen size: 10.7 × 3.9 × 4.4 cm = 4.21” × 1.54” × 1.73”

Main crystal size: 1.1 × 1.1 cm = 0.43” × 0.43”

Minor fluorescence short UV



Fluorite with Quartz, Siderite and Chlorite. Fluorite with Quartz, Siderite and Chlorite.
Fluorite with Fluorapatite and Muscovite
Fluorite with Fluorapatite and Muscovite. Fluorite with Fluorapatite and Muscovite.
 

NA7AA7: Small spheroidal aggregates of cubo-octahedral Fluorite crystals with a color between blue and lilac. They are partially coating the faces of a group of translucent Fluorapatite crystals with a yellowish-green color. The upper levels of Panasqueira are currently offering surprising and pleasant novelties, with samples that are very different from what is already known.
Minas da Panasqueira, level 0, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (11/2014)

Specimen size: 3.4 × 3.2 × 1.3 cm = 1.34” × 1.26” × 0.51”

Main crystal size: 2.1 × 1.7 cm = 0.83” × 0.67”

Fluorite low fluorescence and Fluorapatite very fluorescent (in zones) under short wave UV and low fluorescence under long wave UV



Octahedral Fluorite with Cassiterite
 

AF98Z8: Octahedral crystal, a very rare crystalline form for Fluorite from Panasqueira. It is translucent, with a bluish-green color and white areas on the vertices. There is also a small and very bright group of cyclic Cassiterite twins on the underside of the crystal.
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (1987-2013)

Specimen size: 4 × 3.9 × 2.9 cm = 1.57” × 1.54” × 1.14”

Former collection of Alain Martaud

Minor fluorescence long & short UV



Octahedral Fluorite with Cassiterite. Front
Front
Octahedral Fluorite with Cassiterite. Rear
Rear

Topaz

Topaz with Arsenopyrite, Fluorite, Muscovite and Chlorite
Topaz with Arsenopyrite, Fluorite, Muscovite and Chlorite. Topaz with Arsenopyrite, Fluorite, Muscovite and Chlorite.
 

NB27AF2: Topaz crystals with very well defined faces and edges, between transparent and translucent, with very well defined faces and edges, a slightly bluish color and with very sharp and bright Arsenopyrite crystals, small Fluorite crystals, leafy Muscovite aggregates and partially coated by Chlorite. The upper levels of Panasqueira are currently offering surprising and pleasant novelties, with samples that are very different from what has been known from this mine.
Minas da Panasqueira, level 0, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (2015)

Specimen size: 6.1 × 4.6 × 2 cm = 2.40” × 1.81” × 0.79”

Main crystal size: 1.6 × 1.4 cm = 0.63” × 0.55”

Fluorescent short UV



Topaz with Arsenopyrite, Muscovite and Quartz
 

NB76AB6: Flattened Topaz crystals, one of them clearly dominant. They are white, between translucent and transparent, and they are on a Quartz and Arsenopyrite matrix partially coated by Chlorite, with small Muscovite aggregates. The upper levels of Panasqueira are currently offering surprising and pleasant novelties, with samples that are very different from what has been known from this mine.
Minas da Panasqueira, level 0, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (03/2015)

Specimen size: 7.1 × 6.1 × 3.8 cm = 2.80” × 2.40” × 1.50”

Main crystal size: 1.5 × 1.1 cm = 0.59” × 0.43”

Fluorescent short UV



Topaz with Arsenopyrite, Muscovite and Quartz.

Galena

Galena with Pyrite and Calcite
Galena with Pyrite and Calcite. Front
Front
Galena with Pyrite and Calcite. Top
Top
Galena with Pyrite and Calcite.
 

TE66AB7: Aggregate of bright cubo-octahedral Galena crystals unusually well developed that have a large size for the locality. They are with small Calcite crystals and are on matrix, with Chalcopyrite. Galena is a very rare species at Panasqueira, especially forming such well defined crystals.
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal

Specimen size: 3.5 × 2.7 × 2.7 cm = 1.38” × 1.06” × 1.06”

Main crystal size: 1.1 × 0.8 cm = 0.43” × 0.31”





Stannite

Arsenopyrite with Stannite, Calcite and Pyrite
 

NH16X9: Parallel polycrystalline Arsenopyrite growths with dark gray Stannite intergrowths and leafy Muscovite aggregates, partially coated by small white Calcite crystals and aggregates of cubic Pyrite crystals. We’ll send a copy of the analysis of the Arsenopyrite to the buyer.
Minas da Panasqueira, level 3, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro Region  Portugal (2001)

Specimen size: 6.7 × 5.4 × 4.1 cm = 2.64” × 2.13” × 1.61”




Arsenopyrite with Stannite, Calcite and Pyrite. Arsenopyrite with Stannite, Calcite and Pyrite.

PORTUGAL

Preguiça Mine

Descloizite is a mineral not well known in good quality specimens from the European continent. Even considering that the Preguiça Mine, in Portugal, was known for years for its Descloizite and a wide variety of zinc minerals, the quality of the samples was not especially high because the crystals were too small or not esthetic.
Between 2005 and 2006 groups of collectors from Huelva (Spain) were intensely working that mine and finally found some pockets with specimens of Descloizite of high quality, some of them particularly esthetic (and scarce) stalactitic or columnar and associated with white Calcite.
In our opinion these specimens can be considered as the best Descloizites found in Europe.

Just to be certain, we analyzed them and the analysis proved that they are definitely Descloizite. To be more exact, slightly copper rich Descloizite, but the mineral species is Descloizite. We will send a copy of this analysis to our customers who buy this material.

Descloizite with Calcite
Descloizite with Calcite. Front
Front
Descloizite with Calcite. Side
Side
 

NF26J1: Group of extraordinarily defined and bright small crystals. These crystals are dipyramidal, of very well defined faces and edges and many of them doubly terminated. In this case Descloizite is the base of a group of scalenohedral crystals of white Calcite.
Preguiça Mine, Sobral da Adiça, Moura, Beja District, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo  Portugal (2005-2006)

Specimen size: 6.7 × 5.9 × 3.7 cm = 2.64” × 2.32” × 1.46”

Main crystal size: 0.1 × 0.1 cm = 0.04” × 0.04”




Descloizite with Calcite
 

ND26T4: Columnar growths of small dipyramidal crystals of Descloizite, partially coated by white crystals of Calcite and on a matrix of limonite.
The specimen has been published in the Chinese magazine ‘Mineral Lover’ on page 6 in the volume 9/2011
Preguiça Mine, Sobral da Adiça, Moura, Beja District, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo  Portugal (2005-2006)

Specimen size: 7 × 5.7 × 3.8 cm = 2.76” × 2.24” × 1.50”




Descloizite with Calcite. Descloizite with Calcite.
Descloizite with Calcite
Descloizite with Calcite. Descloizite with Calcite.
 

NR56T4: Aggregate of dipyramidal crystals of Descloizite with very well defined faces and edges and very bright, with crystals of Calcite, between colorless and white, on limonite matrix.
Preguiça Mine, Sobral da Adiça, Moura, Beja District, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo  Portugal (2005-2006)

Specimen size: 7.3 × 5.1 × 4.1 cm = 2.87” × 2.01” × 1.61”




Descloizite with Calcite
 

NZ63V8: Very aerial and esthetic columnar growths of small but extraordinarily defined and bright crystals. Those are dipyramidal and have very well defined faces and edges and most of them are doubly terminated. The matrix is a group of crystals of white Calcite.
Preguiça Mine, Sobral da Adiça, Moura, Beja District, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo  Portugal (2005-2006)

Specimen size: 7.7 × 3.8 × 2.7 cm = 3.03” × 1.50” × 1.06”

Main crystal size: 0.1 × 0.1 cm = 0.04” × 0.04”




Descloizite with Calcite. Descloizite with Calcite.
Descloizite with Calcite
Descloizite with Calcite.
Descloizite with Calcite.
 

NY66M9: Group, on Limonite matrix, of small crystals, very bright and most of them doubly terminated and forming dipyramids of very well defined faces and edges. The group is partially covered by a "nest" of white crystals of
Calcite.
Preguiça Mine, Sobral da Adiça, Moura, Beja District, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo  Portugal (2005-2006)

Specimen size: 7.8 × 7.6 × 4.9 cm = 3.07” × 2.99” × 1.93”




Descloizite with Calcite
 

NK86T4: Columnar growths of small dipyramidal crystals of Descloizite with very well defined faces and edges and very bright. On stalagmitic botryoidal growths of Calcite and crystals of the same mineral, clear and very bright.
Preguiça Mine, Sobral da Adiça, Moura, Beja District, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo  Portugal (2005-2006)

Specimen size: 10.9 × 4.3 × 3.4 cm = 4.29” × 1.69” × 1.34”

Calcite minor fluorescence long & short UV



Descloizite with Calcite. Front
Front
Descloizite with Calcite. Rear
Rear
Descloizite with Calcite.
Descloizite with Calcite
Descloizite with Calcite.
Descloizite with Calcite.
 

NR47I7: Group on Limonite matrix of small very bright crystals, most of them doubly terminated, forming dipyramids with very well-defined faces and edges. The specimen is very esthetic because of its attractive crests and vugs. A wide surface of the sample is covered by a layer of acute scalenohedron of white Calcite.
Preguiça Mine, Sobral da Adiça, Moura, Beja District, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo  Portugal (2005-2006)

Specimen size: 14 × 11.8 × 6.2 cm = 5.51” × 4.65” × 2.44”

Main crystal size: 0.1 × 0.1 cm = 0.04” × 0.04”






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